List of Automobile Manufacturers Brands and Greatest in Indonesia

Any manufacturer - the famous car manufacturer and the largest in Indonesia, the following list:

1. ToyotaToyota is one of the car manufacturers are already very well known in Indonesia since 1973.The company managing Toyota in Indonesia, namely Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN) established several mills in Indonesia such as in Sunter and Karawang. Toyota cars such as the Yaris, Agya, Avanza Veloz, Fortuner and Innova has been produced in Indonesia at a cheaper price than the Japanese. Toyota car production in Indonesia reached approximately 200,000 units per year.
2. Honda
   Honda also is one manufacturer that is quite long existed in Indonesia. Comes with a range of products that best-selling hatchback in Indonesia such as the Honda Jazz and Honda Brio makes Honda became one of the people's choice in selecting their vehicles. Honda has several factories in Karawang with a production capacity of 200,000 units per year. Most of the products of his car as Mobilio, HR-V, Brio, and Freed can be produced in Indonesia.
   
   
    
3. DaihatsuNot many would have thought that this car manufacturer in the list of the best producers in Indonesia. One thing that makes Daihatsu rise is launching Daihatsu Ayla and Daihatsu Xenia. Both cars are becoming "dark horse" for Daihatsu today.
4. Suzuki The car manufacturers up and down in its development. Maybe sometimes the car manufacturer can not win the car sales - cars most in Indonesia. But do not get me wrong, Suzuki has four factories in Cikarang which is capable of producing 150,000 cars annually. After the launch of the Suzuki Swift and the latest Ertiga, Suzuki became a serious rival other automakers in Indonesia. Not to mention the economical price and features well-equipped car.
5. Nissan
   Walaupun Nissan memiliki nama yang cukup baru terdengar di Indonesia namun produsen ini sudah bisa masuk ke dalam lima besar produsen terbaik dan terkenal di Indonesia dengan produk MPV andalannya yang sempat di gandrungi di  Indonesia yaitu Nissan Grand Livina.
   Nissan memiliki pabrik yang berlokasi di kawasan Industri Kota Bukit Indah, Purwakarta, Jawa Barat yang diresmikan oleh Nissan Group Asia pada tahun 2014. Pabrik tersebut mampu memproduksi mobil dengan jumlah kurang lebih 80.000 unit per tahun.
   Demikian informasi mengenai beberapa produsen mobil yang terkenal dan terbesar di Indonesia. Semoga informasi ini berguna bagi Anda yang ingin mencari atau membeli mobil.

Press machine at car manufacture

1. Shearing
   
   The first process is a shearing or cutting process early. This process cuts a sheet of steel plate of raw materials ie steel plate coil rolls into sheets of steel plates of various sizes. Shearing process can be divided into several kinds of straight cuts, oblique cuts and cuts in combination.
2.  Stampling
   Press carried out in several stages, usually to create a press part so it takes 3 to 4 times press process. This is done to prevent the damage caused to the plate because the press process also a process of cutting, and bending withdrawal. Generally stampling process can be divided into several kinds:

1. Cutting process
   The cutting process is a process where material is cut according to the desired size so that the material can be worked into the next process. Type - the type of cutting processes, among others:
1.  Blanking
   Blanking adalah proses persiapan material, material dipotong sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan. Proses blanking bertujuan agar mendapatkan hasil potongnya atau blank, sedangkan sisanya akan dibuang sebagai sampah atau disebut scrap.
2.  CuttingThat is a process that is still shaped cutting sheet material (blank material). The cutting process is a process of cutting some part of a part. The rest of the cuts discarded as scrap.
3.  TrimmingYaitu sutu proses pemotongan material pada bagian tepi. Biasanya proses ini adalah lanjutan dari proses sebelumnya seperti draw, stamp dan sebagainya.
4.  Notching.Notching adalah proses pemotongan pada bagian pinggir material part, biasanya pada progressive dies. Dengan pemotongan tersebut, part berangsur terbentuk walaupun masih menempel pada scrap skeleton.
5. Parting or SeparatingParting or separating is the process of separation of a part into two parts or sections of the sheet metal strip so as to produce the desired part. In the separating process are scrap unused.

2. Forming Processforming is a common term used in sheet metal forming process to obtain the desired contour. Forming process, not result in reduction or removal of material as happens in the cutting process. So for the term formation is also different to avoid misunderstandings. The types of forming processes include:
1.  Bending
   Bending is a process of bending the plate where the results of this bending of a line in accordance with the shape of the desired angle.
2.  Flanging.
   Flanging is the same as bending but the resulting bending line is not straight but follow the shape of the relevant part. This process is intended to strengthen the sides of the product or to reason, beauty.
3.  Forming.
   Forming refers to a more narrow sense, means deformation of sheet metal that is a combination of bending and flanging process. Forming process produces highly complex shapes by bending-bending and complicated contour parts.
4.  Drawing.
   Drawing is forming deep enough so that the formation process requires a blank holder or stripper and water cushion / spring to control the flow of material. For irregular shapes bead necessary to balance material flow. To produce a good product, you should use special steel sheet and the drawing process using a hydraulic press machine.
5. Deep Drawing.
   Deep Drawing a deep drawing process so as to get the shape and size of the final product is required several times a drawing process. Blank holder / stripper absolutely necessary and can only be processed on hydraulic press machine and uses a special metal sheet for deep drawing.
3. Compression This process included the forming operation in which a strong emphasis given to the sheet metal to produce high compressive stresses in the plate to produce plastic deformation. The types of emphasis process are:
1. Stamping or Marking.Marking or stamping or sometimes called a coining process is used to make signs, symbols, letters or other forms of cold forging process.
2. Heading.Heading is the process of formation of the head part, usually on a bar of steel material. Forming process with the process hot forging or cold forging where the ends of the parts are processed by using the pressing dies to form the head.
3. Sizing.
   Sizing adalah operasi dimana material plat diberi tekanan tinggi yang mana menyebabkan material mengalir, karena itu sizing bertujuan untuk memperbesar akurasi dimensi dari part / benda kerja.
3. Welding
   Welding or welding is the process before painting or staining. Welding is used to unify each press part that has been created so that it can form a complete car body. The welding process is used alone done manually but there is also carried out by robotic arms. Types of welding used is spot welding, but there are also welding co but only in certain parts only.
4. Painting
   Painting is the last process of manufacture of the car body. Painting done with spray paint and dye. Ost spray painting also is automated with a robot arm.

 

Classification Weaving Machinery

Classification by way of throwing or inserting the weft into the mouth of the warp loom:

1. Conventional Loom: Conventional Loom is classified as :
1. Hand Loom
2. Plain Loom
3. Twill Loom
4. Dobby Loom
5. Jacquard Loom
2. Automatic Loom: *Automatic loom is classified as :
1. Modern Loom
2. Missile Loom or Projectile Loom
3. Rapier Loom
4. Water Jet Loom
5. Air Jet Loom
3. Special Loom
1. Shuttle Loom
   Shuttle loom is that loom where weft yarn is inserting through the warp yarn by the means of shuttle. It the above chart conventional and  automatic loom is considered as the shuttle loom. Special types of  shuttle loom are short loom, broad loom, pile loom, gauge loom and tri-axial loom etc.
2. Shuttle less Loom
   In a shuttle less loom, weft yarn is inserting through the warp yarn by the means of projectile, rapier, air or water. The entire shuttle less loom is called modern loom. This type of loom has more production capacity than the shuttle loom.

WEAVING MACHINE WORKING PRINCIPLE 

1. Basic Movement Weaving Machines
1. Shedding mechanism
2. Picking mechanism
3. Beat-up mechanism
2. Secondary movement Weaving Machinery
1. Movement stretch warp (let-off motion)
2. Movement of drawing and winding cloth (take-up motion)
3. Additional movement Weaving Machinery (Auxiliary motion)
1. Movement round leno yarn (leno motion)
2. Automatic stop feed continuously (weft stop motion)
3. Automatic stop dropping out of warp (warp stop motion) 

Types of boilers

The boiler is a device shaped closed vessel used to heat water to produce steam (steam), heat from the combustion of fuel in the boiler will be transferred to the medium of water flowing in the pipes when the water temperature has reached a certain temperature it will happen evaporation. So can we interpret that the boiler is a tool that is used in letting steam, as we all know can be used to drive a steam turbine at a power plant and serves as pencaga temperature in the distillation column for petroleum.

Types of boilers

1. Boiler Type based on Tube (Pipe):
1. Fire Tube Boiler
   In this boiler has two parts therein, namely the tube that is the site of combustion and bagin barrel / cask containing the fluid. The fire tube boiler types have characteristics that produce a low amount of steam and a limited capacity.
   
   Principle Works: Process ignition occurs inside the pipe and the heat generated is delivered directly into the boiler containing water.
   
   Pros: The installation process is quite easy and does not require special arrangements, does not require a large area and has a low cost.
   
   Disadvantages: Have furnaces that are difficult to reach when they want cleaned, steam capacity is low and less efficient because a lot of heat is wasted.
   
2. Water Tube.
   Has a construction which is similar to the type of fire-tubes, this type also consists of pipes and barrels, which menbedakan only side pipe filled with water while the barrel was the scene of arson. Characteristics of this type is to produce a relatively large amount of steam.
   
   Working Principle: The process of ignition occurs on the outside of the pipe, so that the heat will be absorbed by the water flowing in the pipeline.
   
   Pros: Has a large steam capacity, niali relatively higher efficiency and furnace easy to reach when they will be cleared.
   
   Disadvantages: The initial investment cost is quite expensive, requires a large area and requires additional components in terms of water treatment.
   
2.  Boiler Type based on Fuel Type
1. Solid Fuel (Solid Fuels)
   Type boilers using solid fuels such as wood, coal, with characteristics such as fuel prices are relatively cheaper and more efficiency when compared to an electric boiler. Working Principle: Heating comes from the combustion of solid fuel or it could be a mixture of some solid fuels (coal and wood) assisted with oxygen. Pros: The fuel is easy to obtain and cheaper. Disadvantages: Time burning difficult to clean
2. Fuel (Fuel Oil)
   This type has a fuel from petroleum fractions, with the characteristics that have combustion of raw materials more expensive, but has a better efficiency values ​​when compared primarily to the other. Working Principle: Heating derived from the combustion of a mixture of liquid fuels (kerosene, diesel fuel, residue) with less oxygen and a heat source. Pros: Has a little combustion residue so easy to clean and readily available raw materials. Disadvantages: Has the price of raw materials is expensive and has a construction which is expensive.


3. Fuel Gas (gaseous fuel)
   Memiliiki type of fuel gas to the characteristics of the raw materials that are cheaper and better efficiency value when compared to other fuel types. Working Principle: The burning that occurs due to a mixture of fuel gas (LNG) with oxygen and the heat source.
   Pros: has the cheapest fuel efficiency and better value. Disadvantages: costly construction and fuel sources are difficult to obtain, must go through the distribution channels.
4. Electric
   From the name alone we must already learn that the heat source is derived from an electric tool, with the characteristics of the fuel which is cheaper but has a low efficiency level. Working Principle: Heating electricity supply comes from heat. Pros: Has the care that is simple and the heating source is very easy to obtain. Disadvantages: poor efficiency value and has a lower combustion temperature. So a discussion of the types of boilers based works, it is expected that this article can be useful for those who need, Thank you.

Know Compressor

Compressor is a tool to enter or send conditioned air to high pressure. The compressor is a mechanical equipment which is used to provide energy to the fluid gas / air, so that the gas / air can flow from one place to another continuously. Kompressor in the automotive industry is a tool to provide high pressure air. Kompressor in the chemical industry is a tool to help chemical reactions by increasing the system pressure. Kompressor in heavy lifting equipment that works pneumatically airfreighter is a tool to a power source.

Kompressor based methods work is divided into two, namely:

1. Compressor with working methods Positive Displacement
   How it works by entering the air into an enclosed space, and at the same time space volume is reduced, then the pressure within the chamber itself will go up.
2.  Compressor with working methods Dynamic How it works by giving the speed at which the air is at room volume space remains, then at the same time the speed is converted into pressure.

Types of compressors

Air compressors are available in various types, designed to meet the different needs of users. Each type of compressor may differ in method of cooling, compression stage, lubrication, or the energy source of the compressor itself. The three main types of compressors are described below:

1. Reciprocating Compressors (Piston / piston)
   A reciprocating air compressors utilize a piston to compress air and store it in a storage tank. Based on the number of compression stages, reciprocating compressors are divided into single stage or double stage. In a single stage unit, only one piston is used to compress the air, while the double-stage unit, there are two pistons to compress air.
2.  Rotary Screw Compressors
   In rotary screw compressors menggunkaan two helical screw rotors that spin or as a tool to compress (compress) air.
3.  Centrifugal compressors
   A centrifugal compressor is also commonly called the dynamic compressor. Compressors of this type are typically used for high pressure requirements. Compressors of this type using the impeller to compress (compress) air.
   High-speed rotating impeller to increase the velocity of air, which is directed towards the diffuser which converts the air velocity into pressure. A centrifugal air compressor usually requires more energy when compared to other types of compressors

Primary and Functions
The compressor consists of several parts that function with one another interconnected, which are:
 Static section

1. Casing
   Casing is the outermost part of compressors that serve:
1.  As a protection against mechanical influences from outside.
2.  As a patron and fulcrum / supporter of moving parts.
3.  As the seat of the suction and discharge nozzles and other stationary parts.
2. Inlet Wall
   Inlet wall is diafram (partitions) that are installed on the suction side as the inlet channel and is associated with the inlet nozle. It acts as a gas channel entrance at the first stage, then meterialnya be resistant to abrasive and erosion.
3. Guide Vane
   Guide vane in place at the front of the first impeller eye on the suction (inlet channel). The main function is to direct the flow guide vane for the gas to enter the impeller with equitable distribution. Construction there is a fixed vane and there that can be set (movable) angular position with the aim of operation of the compressor can be varied and accomplished efficiency and high stability.
4. Eye Seal
   Eye seals are placed around the outside of the eye of the impeller and at the fulcrum by the inlet wall. Eye seals always form a set of metal ring surrounding the impeller wear ring (see figure 4). Serves to prevent back flow of gas out of the discharge impeller (high pressure) back into the suction side (low pressure).
5. Diffuser
   The diffuser serves to transform the energy that comes out of the discharge speed of the impeller into potential energy (dynamic). For multi-stage impeller mounted between inter stage.
6. Labirinth Seal
   Labirinth seal used to insulate the area:
1. Shaft and diaphragm as a shaft seal.
2.  Casing and shafts as a casing seal.
7.  Return Bend
   Return bend is often called a crossover that serves diverting the gas flow direction of the diffuser to return the channel to enter the stage / next impeller. Return bend formed by the arrangement of the diaphragm mounted in a casing.
8. Return Channel
   The return channel is a channel that serves to give the direction of gas flow from the return bend into the next impeller. Return the channel is equipped with fixed vanes with far goal swirl (eddy flow of gas) at the time of entry the next stage so as to minimize the vibrations, see figure 8.
9. Diaphragm
   Diafram are components of the compressor which serves as an insulator between the stage and the seat of the seal eye and inter stage seal. With the installation of the diaphragm in series, will form three important parts, namely a diffuser, return bend, and the return channel. The diaphragm is placed inside the casing with a tongue-groove relationship so easy to be overhauled.
   

Dynamic part

1. Shaftand Shaf
   Shaft or transmission shaft used to support the impeller and continue southwest of pengerak to the impeller. For placement on the impeller shaft in use pegs (key) and the multi-stage, positioning pegs are made alternately so balanced. While the distance between the stage of the impeller in use shaft sleeve, which serves as a protective shaft to the effect of corrosion, erosion and abrasion from the flow and gas properties and for placement between stage impeller shaft seal.
2. Impeller
   Impeller serves to increase the velocity of the gas by means of a rotating, causing the style. This causes the gas inlet / flow from inlet tip (eye impeller) to discharge tip. Because of the change in the radius of the rotary axis between the tip of the blade in with a tip of the blade out then an increase in speed of energy.
3. Bearing (Bearing)
   Bearing is internal compressor section that serves to support radial and axial loads that rotates with the aim zoomed friction and prevent damage to other components.

Injection molding plasic industry

Injection molding is the processing method in which the thermoplastic material for heating molten material is injected by a plunger into a mold which is cooled by the water where the material will be cool and harden so it can be removed from the mold.

History

Injection molding machine was patented first recorded in 1872 in the United States for processing celluloid. Next in the 1920s in Germany began to be developed injection molding machine but still operated manually which mold clamping is still using a lever. In the 1930's when a wide variety of available resins developed injection molding machine which is operated hydraulically. In this era, most of the injection machine moldingnya still plunger-type single stage. In 1946 James Hendry makes injection molding machine type single-stage reciprocating screw first. Beginning in the 1950s relay and timer began to be used for controlling the injection process.

Process

Thermoplastics in the form of granules or powder is collected in a hopper and then down into the barrel automatically (due to gravity), where he was melted by a heater located in the barrel wall and by friction due to the rotation of the injection screw. Melted plastic is injected by the injection screw (which also serves as a plunger) through a nozzle into a mold which is cooled by water. Products are already cool and harden removed from the mold by hydraulic plunger that is embedded in the house next mold is taken by humans or robotic. At the time of the cooling process products simultaneously in a process of melting plastic barrel so that once the products are removed from the mold and the mold closes, melting plastic can be directly injected.

Injection Moulding Component

1. The injection unit - part of the injection molding machine which is used to melt the plastic material, consists of a hopper, barrel and screw.
2. Mold - part of the injection molding machine where the melted plastic molded and cooled
3. Fixture Unit - part of the injection machine that serves for gripping the mold during the injection of material into the mold while providing product release mechanism of the mold 

Glossary of terms in the field of advanced industry

In the industrial sector is known by many terms related in the world. Maybe you are looking for information one or more terms that are less understood, for it this time the writer will provide information online.

1. Agro-industry: industrial agriculture field.
2. AKIN: Academy of Chemical Industry.
3. Amko: small cars (taxis).
4. Assembly: assembly machinery, vehicles, and others.
5. AIPI: Indonesia Plastics Industry Association.
6. API: Indonesian Textile Association.
7. Handloom: Not Weaving Machine Tools.
8. AKPERIN: Academy of Industry.
9. Asphalt: processing residual oils can be used stiffen the road.
10. Airframe: the entire plane, without engine.
11. Marble: limestone metamorphosed.
12. Raw materials: the basic ingredients that have not been ready for use.
13. Raw materials: semi-finished goods and not yet ready for use.
14. Explosives: chemical compounds that react quickly, to have the power.
15.  Ore minerals: minerals such as iron, tin, bauxite, gold, and others.
16.  BIPIK: guidance and development of small industries.
17.  Brons: stuff the mixture of tin and copper.
18.  Boldauser: raksasak car scraper minerals or materials.
19.  Design: The design of the models.
20.  LPG (LPG): liquified petroleum gas (liquefied natural gas, as a fuel type).
21.  The era of industrialization: industrial era characterized by the emergence of industrial-paced culture.
22.  Home industry: domestic industry.
23.  Huller: rice milling.
24. Basic industries: industrial goods used in other industrial sectors as raw materials or industrial tools, for example: textiles, steel industry, chemical, and others.
25. Heavy industry: a kind of basic industries in the form of goods giant and heavy (iron, steel, and others).
26. Rural industries: business process goods for living in rural areas are done by hand.
27. Industrial machinery: industrial company engaged in the field of machinery.
28. The tourism industry: industrial enterprises in the field of tourism.
29. Downstream industries: industries producing finished goods.
30. Autobody: cover frame of the car, the main part of the car body.
31. Handicrafts: industry activity that is done without using the engine.
32. Leather craft: the activity of the leather industry processing into ready-made goods or semi-finished materials.
33. Components: part of the whole: the element.
34. Commercial: is trade.
35. Convection: the apparel industry.
36. Quality: The quality (of goods and others).
37.  LIK: Small Industrial Environment.
38. Waste: the waste remnants products containing chemicals.
39. Management: management.
40. Commodities: merchandise.
41. Polyster: man-made fibers..
42. Productivity: the ability to produce something.
43. Marble: marble.
44. Client: people who have a reciprocal relationship in the business world.
45. Spare parts: tools that are components of the machine.
46. Sector: a business environment.
47. Turpentine: a type of cooking oil paint.
48. Chamber of Commerce: chamber of commerce and industry.